Small scale software engineering

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.In computing, the Software Crisis has arisen because software projects cannot meet their planned timescales, functional capabilities, reliability levels and budgets. This thesis reduces the general problem down to the Small Scale Software Engineering goal of improving the quality and tractability of the designs of individual programs. It is demonstrated that the application of eight abstractions (set, sequence, hierarchy, h-reduction, integration, induction, enumeration, generation) can lead to a reduction in the size and complexity of and an increase in the quality of software designs when expressed via Dimensional Design, a new representational technique which uses the three spatial dimensions to represent set, sequence and hierarchy, whilst special symbols and axioms encode the other abstractions. Dimensional Designs are trees of symbols whose edges perceptually encode the relationships between the nodal symbols. They are easy to draw and manipulate both manually and mechanically. Details are given of real software projects already undertaken using Dimensional Design. Its tool kit, DD/ROOTS, produces high quality, machine drawn, detailed design documentation plus novel quality control information. A run time monitor records and animates execution, measures CPU time and takes snapshots etc; all these results are represented according to Dimensional Design principles to maintain conceptual integrity with the design. These techniques are illustrated by the development of a non-trivial example program. Dimensional Design is axiomatised, compared to existing techniques and evaluated against the stated problem. It has advantages over existing techniques, mainly its clarity of expression and ease of manipulation of individual abstractions due to its graphical basis